*********************
Step 7: Install PHP
*********************

.. include:: 1-urls.rst

.. contents:: Table of Contents

PHP
======
PHP allows you to run PHP scripts or apps on our VPS directly.
Sometimes we will use Docker to host applications, but other times we
might want to host it natively on the VPS. PHP is a popular web-scripting
language because of its simplicity and extensive support. We can run a
PHP app on our VPS easily. Other languages are complicated to set up and
run due to version conflicts, such as Python and Ruby. We will use Docker
to host these types of applications!

We will install PHP 7.4-FPM, which is |the latest PHP version|, and a few
commonly used modules. See more details from on
|how to install PHP 7.4 on Ubuntu 18.04|. from Computing for Geeks.

.. note::

    * PHP 7.4 is for Apache
    * PHP 7.4-FPM is for Nginx

#. First, let's refresh our ``apt`` directory (unless you have done
   so recently) and then install PHP 7.4 for Nginx using the fpm package.

   .. code-block:: bash

       sudo apt update
       sudo apt install -y php7.4-fpm php7.4-mysql

   * **Note**: You might get this error: `E: Unable to locate package php7.4-fpm`.

      * If so, you need to add the PHP repository before trying again.

   .. code-block:: bash

       sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
       sudo apt install -y php7.4-fpm php7.4-mysql

   **Output** with missing repository

   .. code-block:: bash
       :linenos:
       :emphasize-lines: 1,5,13,35

       root@vps298933:~# sudo apt install -y php7.4-fpm php7.4-mysql
       Reading package lists... Done
       Building dependency tree
       Reading state information... Done
       E: Unable to locate package php7.4-fpm
       E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'php7.4-fpm'
       E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'php7.4-fpm'
       E: Unable to locate package php7.4-mysql
       E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'php7.4-mysql'
       E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'php7.4-mysql'

       root@vps298933:~#
       root@vps298933:~# sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
        Co-installable PHP versions: PHP 5.6, PHP 7.x and most requested extensions are included. Only Supported Versions of PHP (http://php.net/supported-versions.php) for Supported Ubuntu Releases (https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases) are provided. Don't ask for end-of-life PHP versions or Ubuntu release, they won't be provided.

       Debian oldstable and stable packages are provided as well: https://deb.sury.org/#debian-dpa

       You can get more information about the packages at https://deb.sury.org

       BUGS: This PPA now has a issue tracker:
       https://deb.sury.org/#bug-reporting

       CAVEATS:
       1. If you are using php-gearman, you need to add ppa:ondrej/pkg-gearman
       2. If you are using apache2, you are advised to add ppa:ondrej/apache2
       3. If you are using nginx, you are advise to add ppa:ondrej/nginx-mainline or ppa:ondrej/nginx

       PLEASE READ: If you like my work and want to give me a little motivation, please consider donating regularly: https://donate.sury.org/

       WARNING: add-apt-repository is broken with non-UTF-8 locales, see
       https://github.com/oerdnj/deb.sury.org/issues/56 for workaround:

       # LC_ALL=C.UTF-8 add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
        More info: https://launchpad.net/~ondrej/+archive/ubuntu/php
       Press [ENTER] to continue or Ctrl-c to cancel adding it.

       Hit:1 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ondrej/nginx/ubuntu bionic InRelease
       Get:2 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu bionic InRelease [20.8 kB]
       Hit:3 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease
       Hit:4 http://nova.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease
       Get:5 http://nova.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease [88.7 kB]
       Get:6 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages [43.9 kB]
       Get:7 http://nova.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease [74.6 kB]
       Get:8 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu bionic/main Translation-en [21.8 kB]
       Fetched 250 kB in 1s (432 kB/s)
       Reading package lists... Done
       root@vps298933:~#

   **Output** for a successful PHP install

   .. code-block:: bash
       :linenos:
       :emphasize-lines: 1,9

       root@vps298933:~# sudo apt install -y php7.4-fpm php7.4-mysql
       Reading package lists... Done
       Building dependency tree
       Reading state information... Done
       The following additional packages will be installed:
       libpcre2-8-0 libsodium23 php-common php7.4-cli php7.4-common php7.4-json php7.4-opcache php7.4-readline psmisc tzdata
       Suggested packages:
       php-pear
       The following NEW packages will be installed:
       libpcre2-8-0 libsodium23 php-common php7.4-cli php7.4-common php7.4-fpm php7.4-json php7.4-mysql php7.4-opcache php7.4-readline
       psmisc tzdata
       0 upgraded, 12 newly installed, 0 to remove and 5 not upgraded.
       Need to get 4712 kB of archives.
       After this operation, 22.5 MB of additional disk space will be used.
       Get:1 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libpcre2-8-0 amd64 10.33-1+ubuntu18.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 [191 kB]
       Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 tzdata all 2019c-0ubuntu0.18.04 [190 kB]
       Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 psmisc amd64 23.1-1ubuntu0.1 [52.5 kB]
       Get:4 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libsodium23 amd64 1.0.18-1+ubuntu18.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 [150 kB]
       Get:5 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 php-common all 2:70+ubuntu18.04.1+deb.sury.org+6 [15.2 kB]
       Get:6 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 php7.4-common amd64 7.4.0-1+ubuntu18.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 [976 kB]
       Get:7 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 php7.4-json amd64 7.4.0-1+ubuntu18.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 [18.6 kB]
       Get:8 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 php7.4-opcache amd64 7.4.0-1+ubuntu18.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 [195 kB]
       Get:9 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 php7.4-readline amd64 7.4.0-1+ubuntu18.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 [12.2 kB]
       Get:10 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 php7.4-cli amd64 7.4.0-1+ubuntu18.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 [1392 kB]
       Get:11 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 php7.4-fpm amd64 7.4.0-1+ubuntu18.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 [1403 kB]
       Get:12 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 php7.4-mysql amd64 7.4.0-1+ubuntu18.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 [117 kB]
       Fetched 4712 kB in 2s (2088 kB/s)
       debconf: delaying package configuration, since apt-utils is not installed
       Selecting previously unselected package tzdata.
       (Reading database ... 11793 files and directories currently installed.)
       . . .

#. Verify the version of PHP to determine if it installed correctly.
   You should see a version similar to the output.

   .. code-block:: bash

       php --version

   .. code-block:: bash
       :linenos:
       :emphasize-lines: 1,2

       root@vps298933:~# php --version
       PHP 7.4.0 (cli) (built: Nov 28 2019 07:27:06) ( NTS )
       Copyright (c) The PHP Group
       Zend Engine v3.4.0, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
           with Zend OPcache v7.4.0, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies

PHP and Nginx
==============

Now, we will create a ``phpinfo`` page to verify that Nginx and PHP work
together. The first step is to tell Nginx to serve PHP pages.
Next, is to test the configuration using a ``phpinfo`` file

#. Edit the Nginx config file for the default site or directory using ``nano``

   .. code-block:: bash

        sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

#. Add ``index.php`` to the index file list on line 4.
#. Uncomment the PHP lines so your file looks the same as the file below.
#. change the PHP version in ``fastcgi_pass`` to ``php7.4-fpm.sock;``

   .. code-block:: nginx
      :caption: /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
      :linenos:
      :emphasize-lines: 4,16,17,20,23

       #
       root /var/www/html;

       index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html index.php;

       server_name _;

       location / {
           # First attempt to serve request as file, then
           # as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
           try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
       }

       # pass PHP scripts to FastCGI server
       #
       location ~ \.php$ {
           include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;

           # With php-fpm (or other unix sockets):
           fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
           # With php-cgi (or other tcp sockets):
           # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
       }

       # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
       # concurs with nginx's one
       #
       location ~ /\.ht {
              deny all;
       }


#. Verify that there are no configuration issues

   .. code-block:: bash

        sudo nginx -t

   .. attention:: Take note of the file name and line number of the error.
       It tells you exactly what and where the problem is.

       .. code-block:: bash
           :linenos:
           :emphasize-lines: 2

           root@vps298933:~# sudo nginx -t
           nginx: [emerg] "fastcgi_pass" directive is duplicate in /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default:62
           nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed

   **Success**

   .. code-block:: bash
       :linenos:
       :emphasize-lines: 3

       root@vps298933:~# sudo nginx -t
       nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
       nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful


#. Fix, retest, then restart using ``systemctl``

    .. code-block:: bash

        sudo nginx -t
        sudo systemctl restart nginx

Create a ``phpinfo`` page
---------------------------

Now, we should test the configuration by creating a ``phpinfo`` page.

#. Go to the site |randomkeygen.com| and grab a random alphanumeric password
   for the PHP info file. We don't want to expose the system information.
#. Next, we need to verify the location of our default web directory.

   * The default web dir for Nginx is ``/var/www/html/``.
   * But, let's verify!

#. Edit the default config file to verify the dir of the root folder.

   * ``sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/default``
   * It should be: ``root /var/www/html;``

   .. code-block:: nginx
      :caption: /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
      :linenos:
      :emphasize-lines: 2

       #
       root /var/www/html;

       index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html index.php;

       server_name _;

       location / {

#. Use ``nano`` to create a new file. Substitute the random code
   to the command below.

   **Command**

   .. code-block:: bash

       sudo nano /var/www/html/HSd3uR9yFZ.php

   .. code-block:: php
       :caption: HSd3uR9yFZ.php

       <?php phpinfo(); ?>


#. Navigate to that page in the web browser using your IP address
   or domain name

   * ``http://example.com/HSd3uR9yFZ.php``

#. Verify that the page loads and that the PHP version is correct